4. Interest income and expense

Interest and similar income

 20132012
restated
Interest income calculated using the effective interest rate method, with respect to financial assets, which are not measured at fair value through profit and loss, of which: 9,774,336 11,537,641
Income from loans and advances to customers, of which:9,065,53010,585,366
from impaired loans 499,865 495,396
Income from investment securities available for sale 537,102 695,326
Income from placements with banks 165,156 250,184
Income from investments securities held to maturity2,538176
Other 4,010 6,589
Other income, of which: 989,158 1,660,578
Income from financial assets designated upon initial recognition at fair value
through profit and loss
 470,979 730,864
Income from derivative hedging instruments (Note 19)454,278 870,450
Income from trading assets 63,901 59,264
Total 10,763,49413,198,219

Interest expense and similar charges

 20132012
Interest expense calculated using the effective interest rate method, with respect to financial liabilities, which are not measured at fair value through profit and loss, of which: (4,018,230) (5,105,835)
Interest expense on amounts due to customers (3,489,785)(4,637,675)
Interest expense on debt securities in issue and subordinated liabilities(472,588) (431,010)
Premium expense on debt securities available for sale(38,737)(9,911)
Interest expense on deposits from banks(17,120)(27,239)
Other expense (23,302) (3,116)
Expense on financial assets designated upon initial recognition at fair value
through profit and loss
(14,375) (969)
Expense on trading assets(8,927)(2,147)
Total(4,041,532)(5,108,951)