4. Interest income and expense
Interest and similar income
| 2013 | 2012 restated | |
|---|---|---|
| Interest income calculated using the effective interest rate method, with respect to financial assets, which are not measured at fair value through profit and loss, of which: | 9,774,336 | 11,537,641 |
| Income from loans and advances to customers, of which: | 9,065,530 | 10,585,366 |
| from impaired loans | 499,865 | 495,396 |
| Income from investment securities available for sale | 537,102 | 695,326 |
| Income from placements with banks | 165,156 | 250,184 |
| Income from investments securities held to maturity | 2,538 | 176 |
| Other | 4,010 | 6,589 |
| Other income, of which: | 989,158 | 1,660,578 |
| Income from financial assets designated upon initial recognition at fair value through profit and loss | 470,979 | 730,864 |
| Income from derivative hedging instruments (Note 19) | 454,278 | 870,450 |
| Income from trading assets | 63,901 | 59,264 |
| Total | 10,763,494 | 13,198,219 |
Interest expense and similar charges
| 2013 | 2012 | |
|---|---|---|
| Interest expense calculated using the effective interest rate method, with respect to financial liabilities, which are not measured at fair value through profit and loss, of which: | (4,018,230) | (5,105,835) |
| Interest expense on amounts due to customers | (3,489,785) | (4,637,675) |
| Interest expense on debt securities in issue and subordinated liabilities | (472,588) | (431,010) |
| Premium expense on debt securities available for sale | (38,737) | (9,911) |
| Interest expense on deposits from banks | (17,120) | (27,239) |
| Other expense | (23,302) | (3,116) |
| Expense on financial assets designated upon initial recognition at fair value through profit and loss | (14,375) | (969) |
| Expense on trading assets | (8,927) | (2,147) |
| Total | (4,041,532) | (5,108,951) |
